// KNOWLEDGE BASE

The scienceof fuel.

Research, training notes, and the thinking behind every IV-X formula. Fuel as performance infrastructure — explained.

ALL FUEL SCIENCE HYDRATION TRAINING INGREDIENTS
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FUEL SCIENCE · 8 MIN READ

Why fuel is infrastructure, not a supplement

The scientific rationale behind treating fuel as performance infrastructure — and why most energy and hydration products get the priority backwards.

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Why ENERGY Moved From 200mg to 150mg Caffeine
ARTICLE · 6 MIN

Why ENERGY Moved From 200mg to 150mg Caffeine

Why ENERGY Moved From 200mg to 150mg Caffeine   ENERGY.150 was reformulated from 200mg caffeine to 150mg ca...

Cold Conditions and the Cost of Under fueling
ARTICLE · 3 MIN

Cold Conditions and the Cost of Under fueling

This article outlines how cold environments alter metabolic demand, hydration dynamics, and muscular effici...

Built for Purpose
ARTICLE · 6 MIN

Built for Purpose

IV-X™ came to life publicly in 2025, a launch that somehow feels both impossibly recent and already part of...

Fuel Psychology: Approach Behavior and Avoidance Under Fatigue
ARTICLE · 3 MIN

Fuel Psychology: Approach Behavior and Avoidance Under Fatigue

Why most sports drinks taste great at rest but become intolerable under fatigue.

Sodium as a Thermoregulation Mechanism
ARTICLE · 5 MIN

Sodium as a Thermoregulation Mechanism

A breakdown of why sodium is the critical driver of thermoregulation, sweat continuity, and late-race resil...

Gut Adaptation and Fuel Compliance in Prolonged Efforts
ARTICLE · 3 MIN

Gut Adaptation and Fuel Compliance in Prolonged Efforts

A research driven look at how the gut adapts to high carbohydrate intake, why fueling fails when tolerance ...